Urinary tract infections: Myths and facts

FALSE

Women are indeed more often affected by urinary tract infections, due to the proximity of their urethra (the duct connecting the bladder to the urinary meatus) and their bladder, which is larger than in men, allowing bacteria to reach the bladder more easily. However, men can also be affected, especially as they get older.

FALSE

Nearly half of all urinary tract infections may be asymptomatic, which is more common among older adults and people who use a catheter.

FALSE

In general, asymptomatic infections do not require treatment, unless the patient is pregnant, is immunocompromised, or is preparing for urological surgery.

FALSE

Unlike asymptomatic infections, which may clear up on their own, symptomatic infections do not usually go away without treatment. If they are not treated promptly, they can lead to serious health complications, such as pyelonephritis.

FALSE

Urinary tract infections are not contagious and cannot be transmitted sexually. However, sexual relations do increase the risk of developing such an infection. In addition, many STBBIs have symptoms similar to those of a urinary tract infection.

FALSE

This practice not only fails to protect against urinary tract infections, it can also upset the pH and normal balance of bacteria in the vagina.

FALSE

Although many urinary tract infections are accompanied by cloudy, foul-smelling urine, other factors such as the amount of water you drink or food you eat may be responsible for these symptoms.

MORE OR LESS TRUE

The protective effect of cranberry juice against urinary tract infections is controversial. A review of 50 scientific studies published in 2023 in the Cochrane Library[3] concluded that cranberry juice reduces the risk of a new UTI developing in women with recurrent infections, as well as in children and post-operative patients. Components in cranberries, such as D-mannose and vitamin C, are probably also beneficial. However, to enjoy all its benefits, it is advisable to avoid cranberry juice high in glucose!

MORE OR LESS TRUE

The evidence for the efficacy of probiotics in regenerating the vaginal microbiome and preventing urinary tract infections is inconclusive. You can take them if you wish, but the potential benefits are likely to be minimal.

FALSE

Even with impeccable hygiene, the risk of a urinary tract infection remains. However, certain practices, such as wiping from back to front after a bowel movement, can increase the risk.[4]

Finally, here are four misconceptions that have no serious scientific basis:[4]

• Avoid sitting on cold surfaces.
• Avoid getting your feet cold.
• Avoid removing pubic hair.
• Avoid using public toilets.

Here are a few recommendations based on reputable scientific studies or simple common sense:[5]

1. Drink plenty of liquids, at least 1.5 litres per day, preferably water.
2. Empty your bladder often. It is normal to urinate four to eight times per day.
3. Urinate immediately after sexual intercourse.
4. Always wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
5. Take cranberry supplements (may be beneficial).